Technology
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) enables bidirectional charging so EVs can discharge to the grid, providing services such as peak shaving, frequency regulation, and capacity. Aggregated EV fleets operate as a virtual power plant via smart chargers and standards (e.g., ISO 15118-20, CHAdeMO/CCS implementations) subject to interconnection, metering, and tariff rules. Value comes from bill management (demand charges/TOU), market revenues (ancillary services), and resilience when paired with V2H/V2B.