General
Demand response refers to programs or strategies that adjust electricity demand by end-users in response to supply conditions, such as peak demand periods or price signals. Instead of increasing power generation, utilities or grid operators encourage consumers to reduce or shift their usage (or temporarily use backup generation) during times of grid stress or high prices. For example, large energy users might curtail consumption or households might let a smart thermostat cycle an air conditioner off, helping balance the grid. Demand response complements renewable energy by providing flexibility, making it easier to integrate intermittent sources like solar and wind.